VILNA School
Objective of the project — develop relevant projects for the restoration of educational institutions in Ukraine, taking into account the class of consequences and damage to buildings, ensure the scaling of the project, get rid of the monotony and repetitiveness characteristic of this functional unit, and work towards achieving energy efficiency goals. The project changes the quality of the learning space.
The general educational system of Ukraine did not keep pace with modern changes in the life and activities of society. The new generation of schoolchildren requires significant changes in the educational system and the educational process as a whole. It also calls for reconsideration of the principles of school buildings, recreational spaces and spatial design.
The IK-architects team designed the school to meet today's challenges with future renovations and expansions, with the ability to add classrooms, pavilions or other buildings with different functions. Creating open spaces allows you to expand the courtyards, which look like small recreation areas and flow into common public spaces.
Project objectives
Analysis, structure of educational institutions, classes of destruction and development of a project for new construction, restoration, reconstruction of destroyed or damaged schools throughout Ukraine.
Development of a project proposal for an educational institution based on gymnasium 47 in Kharkov. Rethinking the school project: safety standards requirements (bomb shelter), sustainable development criteria in architecture, Active House principles in design and creating the image of a school of indestructible Ukraine.
For a thorough approach to recovery, it is necessary to create a database of educational institutions that have undergone destruction with the involvement of specialized experts. A qualification assessment of the scale of destruction will help us to distribute the damaged educational institutions into several groups:
- needs renovation / major repairs of the building
- damage to a separate section, part - restoration of a fragment of the building
- significant damage, the building cannot be restored
– the building is not damaged, does not require repair, but requires modernization / extension / scaling
Depending on the scale of the destruction, analysis of the current tasks and needs facing the educational institution (for a microdistrict, district, urban settlement, city), the restoration project may be partial - a “fragment-insert” of restoring the destroyed wing of a building, building, etc. or new construction of a school, or renovation of an existing building.
Space-planning and functional solution
Based on current and predicted needs and tasks, functional blocks, connections, the logic of interaction between them, several directions of space-planning solutions with the possibility of scaling are formed.
Central organization with the development of the core, linear-block organization with the development of multiplication and complex spatial structures.
VILNA School KHARKIV, UKRAINE
Kharkiv Gymnasium No. 47 suffered a missile attack from the Russian occupation forces on July 4, 2022. The architectural bureau IK-architects has developed a project for the restoration of the VILNA School educational institution, which can become one of the symbols of the rethinking of the educational system and approaches to designing educational institutions. New trends and digitalization of the educational process make it necessary to fundamentally reformulate the approach to education, reconsider the principles of formation of educational institutions, recreational spaces and design.
Photo from the Telegram channel glava of the Kharkiv regional military administration Oleg Sinegubov.
Basic principles for designing a new educational institution:
— Security according to state and international standards
- Scaling
— Availability of materials and solutions
— Efficient logistics
— Planning flexibility
— Energy efficiency
— Socialization
— Availability of additional functions for the population
— Comfort
After analyzing the possible combinations and forms of functional blocks of educational institutions, two of the most rational structural units were identified that can accommodate all functional areas, taking into account the requirements of design standards, ergonomics and energy efficiency.
- based on the training module
- additional necessary spatial elements
- a functional functional diagram that meets the criteria of educational institutions of I-IV degrees of education
– identification of functional areas that correspond to the principles of Active House and the internal environment.
- giving an architectural appearance to a building or part of it
On an area of more than 8000 sq. there are educational and special classes, an administrative block (open-space for teachers with separate boxes for online classes), a medical center, an assembly hall, a multifunctional sports arena, a school theater, a gymnastics and media studio, music, art and labor classes. Special classes of computer science, chemistry, biology are equipped with state-of-the-art professional laboratory equipment. The sports block of the gymnasium deserves special attention - a large indoor sports arena, a basketball court and a professional football field with stands for fans in the open space, gymnastic equipment, etc., everything meets high international standards and has a fantastic modern design.
In addition, there are:
— Spacious dining room with 180 seats, equipped with a Swedish line and a cafeteria.
– An open amphitheater equipped with the necessary lighting and musical equipment.
- A library for students and teachers, functioning as a reading room, an online information center and a space for discussions and meetings.
- Teacher's room, with an area of more than 150 square meters. m, designed according to the principle of open space space, inside which there are separate boxes for online teaching for schoolchildren.
— Computer science and robotics classrooms are equipped with modern technology.
- Labor training rooms for boys and girls providing work with 3D modeling.
— Modern classrooms for chemistry, physics, biology with dedicated areas for exams.
– Additionally, universal classrooms were designed, where the learning space is modeled depending on specific needs.
– Classrooms are equipped with multimedia kits, orthopedic furniture and meet the age and educational needs of children.
- Separate recreational areas are equipped with play areas and recreation areas.
The building has a complex structure - from the outside it is a combination of wooden volumes of functional blocks with a complex polygonal structure of the recreational space. The tree on the façade emphasizes the natural orientation of architecture, a balanced attitude towards ecology as an element of education; facade decoration fits well into the forest-park background. The ground floor has the advantage of transparency through a large glazed entrance group, patios separated from the interior space by glass, opening up the view of a multi-colored playground that is a very autonomous and artificial universe. Bright colors transform the space, expanding it, creating a place for learning and communication. The light, the materials used and the routes of movement create micro-events for which there are no repetitions. The spatial volumes of the building have polygonal roofs that act as a natural extension of the forest and hills and enclose the façade elements.
The IK-architects team proposes a reimagining of the recreational function, designed not only to combine functional elements; but is aimed at creating a public multifunctional space within the framework of an educational institution: an open space for communication, a cafeteria area, a reading room with workplaces, an amphitheater for holding open lectures, a meeting place, schoolchildren's performances, viewpoints on the courtyards - elements of the visual corridors of a combination of internal and external spaces.
The educational institution has clear operating times; in the evenings and weekends, the school for the most part does not work. An analysis of the needs of the population and time schedules allows the introduction of a two-stage use of spaces.
Public use:
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sports hall, gym, outdoor sports arena and playground
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amphitheater for presentations
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lecture halls for meetings, weekend work-shops
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music classes
The project proposal provides for the possibility of using sports grounds and halls by the public, in this case the sports module is located on the side of the building, equipped with a separate entrance, providing a flexible filter between the educational and public spaces. An amphitheater, lecture halls can be rented out for presentations, lectures and work-shops outside of school hours. Music classes are well suited to rent for rehearsals or private sessions with a specialist. At the same time, the developed modularity of the school makes it possible to separate the general-purpose space from the classrooms.
Sharing makes it possible to attract additional funds for the maintenance of the educational institution and reduce the cost of heating the premises - they are used longer, additional busy times for teachers and the quality of teachers in music and sports sections.
Does the VILNA School project use modern trends in the architectural design of the school? meeting international standards and criteria of Active House.
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE and alternative energy sources:
1. Heat pump: the building of the gymnasium will be powered by heat pumps that use the energy of the earth and supply it for the needs of the gymnasium, the wells take heat during the heating period, and in summer they work to cool the building.
2. Multifunctional glass and additional roller blinds on each window with a high coefficient of absorption of sunlight, which allows you to control the temperature and warm the air in the classrooms,
3. Solar panels installed on the roof cover the needs of the educational institution
4. An ultra-modern ventilation system with built-in CO2 sensors creates a comfortable stay in the room.
5. "Smart" lighting - LED lighting with a change in light temperature during the day according to human circadian rhythms.
6. Three-level water purification system.
Energy:
The building is equipped with a BMS system for efficient management of engineering energy and energy efficiency systems, reducing energy consumption.
To obtain a high level of energy efficiency and minimize energy consumption from Energy Efficiency to the outside, a solution with renewable energy sources has been applied on the site, namely:
Installation of ground-water heat pumps and geothermal field. This solution allows you to fully meet the needs of both hot water, heating in winter and cooling in summer. Outdoor lighting is provided by lighting poles with solar panels.
The total energy requirement is 60.1 kWh/m2. The actual use of heating is based on good building envelope insulation, heat pump as heating supplier, MVHR with efficiency of 72%, and installed mechanical cooling with efficiency of 3,98%. Approximately 6000 m2, which is equal to 720 kW/p. Solar Lab solar modules with arbitrary inclination are installed on the roof plane. A total of 31.7kWh/m2 of 62% renewable energy requirements are provided, which is Level 3 on the Active House radar on a rough basis, excluding primary energy use.
VILNA School is a good example of a BIPV prosumer building of the future on sloped roof planes and with good architecture thanks to special PV panels and architectural design. Of approximately 39% total electricity consumption (including electrical appliances) covered by PV module production.
VILNA School is a good example of a near zero energy building. The environmental quality of VILNA School has been improved by saving cold water consumption on 28% by implementing a water saving system compared to a standard consumer system. The environmental impact caused by the production of building components and the energy used to operate the building is at a satisfactory level. In addition, 52% building structural materials are recyclable.
